{"id":718,"date":"2021-01-15T21:57:59","date_gmt":"2021-01-15T21:57:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/home.physics.wisc.edu\/gilbert\/?page_id=718"},"modified":"2026-10-05T06:27:19","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T06:27:19","slug":"enamel","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/home.physics.wisc.edu\/gilbert\/enamel\/","title":{"rendered":"Enamel"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20)\" class=\"is-style-mini-bar wp-block-post-title\">Enamel<\/h1>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull has-base-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignnone is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-b4b75a54 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-constrained has-global-padding wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We study how crystals are oriented in tooth enamel, including human, mouse, parrotfish, and many other animals. PIC mapping, based on x-ray linear dichroism of apatite, reveals nano- and micro-scale arrangement of crystals and displays them in color. Molecular dynamics simulations by Markus Buehler and his group confirm that the small misorientations observed in human enamel deflect fractures and that human enamel self-heals after fracturing. See papers 147, 150, 154, 157. These are Marcus et al.&nbsp;<i class=\"\">ACS Nano<\/i>&nbsp;2017, Stifler et al.&nbsp;<i class=\"\">J Am Chem Soc<\/i>&nbsp;2018, Beniash et al.&nbsp;<i class=\"\">Nat Comms<\/i>&nbsp;2019, Stifler et al.<i class=\"\">&nbsp;Acta Biomaterialia<\/i> 2021, and others submitted.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We study how crystals are oriented in tooth enamel, including human, mouse, parrotfish, and many other animals. PIC mapping, based on x-ray linear dichroism of apatite, reveals nano- and micro-scale arrangement of crystals and displays them in color. Molecular dynamics simulations by Markus Buehler and his group confirm that the small misorientations observed in human &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":90,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uw_migration_status":"complete","_uw_gutenberg_post_content_before_migration":"","_uw_seo_meta_title":"","_uw_seo_meta_description":"","_uw_seo_twitter_card_type":"","_uw_seo_meta_image":"","_uw_seo_meta_image_url":"","_uw_seo_meta_image_sizes":[],"_uw_seo_custom_meta_tags":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-718","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.physics.wisc.edu\/gilbert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/718","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.physics.wisc.edu\/gilbert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.physics.wisc.edu\/gilbert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.physics.wisc.edu\/gilbert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/90"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/home.physics.wisc.edu\/gilbert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=718"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/home.physics.wisc.edu\/gilbert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/718\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1377,"href":"https:\/\/home.physics.wisc.edu\/gilbert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/718\/revisions\/1377"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/home.physics.wisc.edu\/gilbert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}